Is OpenVPP (OVPP) Safe? Smart Contract Security Analysis

Security Checklist

4/5 checks passed

Contract VerifiedPass

Ownership RenouncedPass

No Mint FunctionPass

Liquidity LockedFail

Not a ProxyPass

Audit History

2 audits on record

Jul 2336Jul 237

Every audit run adds a dated snapshot — history is append-only and cannot be edited.

Audit Summary

The OpenVPP token contract is a standard ERC20 implementation leveraging battle-tested OpenZeppelin libraries for token functionality and access control. It features a fixed supply minted to a designated treasury wallet upon deployment. While the technical implementation is robust, the centralized control over the entire token supply and ownership introduces a medium economic and governance risk.

Final Recommendation: It is recommended to carefully manage the private keys associated with the `_owner` and `_treasuryWallet` addresses, considering multi-signature wallets for enhanced security. For the `_treasuryWallet`, a clear strategy for token distribution and liquidity management should be established and communicated to stakeholders. Users interacting with the `permit` function should be educated on potential front-running risks and encouraged to use appropriate deadlines.

Category Ratings

TechnicalLow

10/10

The OpenVPP token contract is built upon battle-tested OpenZeppelin libraries (ERC20, ERC20Permit, Ownable2Step), ensuring a high level of code security (7.2). The architecture (7.1) is straightforward, implementing a standard ERC20 token with a fixed supply. Constructor checks (7.3) prevent zero ad

GovernanceLow

7/10

The contract exhibits a centralized economic model (7.4) where the entire token supply is minted to a single treasury wallet at deployment, granting significant control over initial distribution. Access control (7.3) is managed by a single owner using the robust Ownable2Step pattern, which mitigates

UpgradesLow

9/10

The OpenVPP contract is not designed as an upgradeable proxy (7.7). This simplifies its architecture by removing upgrade-related complexities and potential vulnerabilities, but also means that any future changes to the contract logic would require a new deployment and migration of assets.

LP Distribution

Top-1 Unlocked Holder100.0%

Top-3 Unlocked100.0%

What Raised This Score

5 factors

Liquidity not locked, but no owner/deployer address holds LP — market-depth risk, not rug risk
LP top1 unlocked holder = 100.0% (independent LP — depth risk, pool = 95% of DEX liquidity)
LP top3 unlocked holders = 100.0% (independent LP — depth risk, pool = 95% of DEX liquidity)
1 Medium finding(s) from audit
1 Low finding(s) from audit

Each factor is an on-chain fact recorded at the time of this analysis. The score is computed from them by a deterministic function, so the same contract returns the same score for anyone who runs the audit. How scores are computed

Security Findings

3 total

1 Medium 1 Low 1 Info

M-01MediumUnresolved

Centralized Control of Token Supply

The entire fixed supply of 1,000,000,000 OVPP tokens is minted to a single `_treasuryWallet` address during contract deployment. This grants significant control over the token's initial distribution, liquidity provision, and potential market impact to a single entity or set of keys. A compromise of this wallet could lead to a large-scale token dump or misuse, impacting the project's integrity and token value (7.4 Economic).

Recommendation: Consider implementing a multi-signature wallet for the `_treasuryWallet` to distribute control and require multiple approvals for large transactions. Alternatively, a time-locked vesting schedule or a decentralized distribution mechanism could be explored for future token releases to mitigate single-point-of-failure risks.

L-01LowUnresolved

Owner Privileges and Single Point of Control

The contract utilizes OpenZeppelin's `Ownable2Step` for access control, which is a robust pattern for ownership transfer. However, the `_owner` address retains full control over critical administrative functions, such as initiating ownership transfers and potentially interacting with other privileged functions if added in the future. While `Ownable2Step` enhances security for ownership changes, the owner remains a single point of control (7.3 Access Control, 7.5 Governance).

Recommendation: It is recommended that the `_owner` address be secured with a multi-signature wallet to distribute control and reduce the risk of a single point of compromise. Implement robust operational security procedures for managing the owner's private keys.

I-01InformationalUnresolved

Potential User-Side Front-Running with ERC20Permit

The contract inherits `ERC20Permit`, which allows users to approve token transfers off-chain using signed messages, enabling gasless approvals. While beneficial for user experience, the `permit` function can be susceptible to front-running if a user's signed message (especially with a high allowance and a distant deadline) is observed by an attacker who then submits the transaction with a higher gas price. This is primarily a user-side risk rather than a contract vulnerability (7.2 Code Security).

Recommendation: Educate users on the potential risks associated with `permit` signatures, particularly regarding front-running. Advise users to use reasonable `deadline` values and be cautious when signing permits for large amounts. Consider providing client-side tools that help users set appropriate parameters and understand the implications of their signatures.

Is OpenVPP Safe? OVPP